我國的高低壓開光柜歷(li)經(jing)六(liu)十(shi)年的進化(hua)，已(yi)經(jing)歷(li)從(cong)(cong)無到有，從(cong)(cong)差到優(you)的更迭。現在原有基礎上已(yi)進入從(cong)(cong)優(you)到精的歷(li)史(shi)進程中。安(an)徽(hui)得潤電(dian)氣與(yu)大家共同探討一下從(cong)(cong)優(you)到精的技術發展趨(qu)勢。

高低壓配電柜顧名思義就是電力供電系統中用于進行電能分配、控制、計量以及連接線纜的配電設備，一般供電局、變電所都是用高壓開關柜，然(ran)后經變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)降壓低(di)(di)壓側引出到(dao)(dao)低(di)(di)壓配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)柜，低(di)(di)壓配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)柜在到(dao)(dao)各個用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)盤，控制(zhi)箱，開關(guan)箱，里(li)面就是(shi)通過將(jiang)一(yi)些開關(guan)、斷路器(qi)(qi)、熔斷器(qi)(qi)、按(an)鈕、指示燈(deng)、儀表、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線之類保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)件組裝成(cheng)一(yi)體達到(dao)(dao)設(she)計(ji)功(gong)能要求的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置的(de)(de)設(she)備。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)裝備和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)生產工業發展(zhan)迅(xun)猛(meng)。每年新增發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)容量增長速度都(dou)超過8%，預(yu)計(ji)到(dao)(dao)2020年裝機(ji)容量將(jiang)達到(dao)(dao)8億千(qian)瓦。但(dan)是(shi)按(an)人(ren)均對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)占有量，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)則遠遠落后于(yu)發達國(guo)(guo)家。由于(yu)相關(guan)工業發展(zhan)空間很大，因此高低(di)(di)壓成(cheng)套設(she)備有巨(ju)大市(shi)場需求。

巨大(da)的市場(chang)需求，也帶來了(le)國(guo)(guo)內外(wai)(wai)廠(chang)商的激烈競爭(zheng)，僅國(guo)(guo)內高(gao)(gao)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)成套(tao)設(she)備(bei)生產廠(chang)已達(da)上(shang)千(qian)家。市場(chang)需求促進(jin)(jin)(jin)了(le)技(ji)術(shu)的進(jin)(jin)(jin)步(bu)和發(fa)(fa)展，隨著(zhu)社會的進(jin)(jin)(jin)步(bu)和經(jing)濟與科(ke)技(ji)的發(fa)(fa)展，對電力系(xi)統(tong)提(ti)出(chu)了(le)更高(gao)(gao)、更新(xin)(xin)的要(yao)求。特別是(shi)(shi)對控(kong)制電力系(xi)統(tong)的主設(she)備(bei)—高(gao)(gao)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)成套(tao)設(she)備(bei)的安(an)全可(ke)靠(kao)性、自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)等方面提(ti)出(chu)了(le)更高(gao)(gao)的要(yao)求。這樣，開發(fa)(fa)出(chu)適應(ying)市場(chang)需求的高(gao)(gao)技(ji)術(shu)含量的新(xin)(xin)型高(gao)(gao)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)設(she)備(bei)產品是(shi)(shi)十(shi)分迫切的任務。改革(ge)開放以來，我國(guo)(guo)電器行業在國(guo)(guo)民經(jing)濟高(gao)(gao)速發(fa)(fa)展的大(da)環境中，通過“引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)—消化(hua)(hua)—創新(xin)(xin)”國(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)發(fa)(fa)達(da)國(guo)(guo)的先進(jin)(jin)(jin)管理經(jing)驗和技(ji)術(shu)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)入了(le)歷史大(da)發(fa)(fa)展的新(xin)(xin)時期。高(gao)(gao)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)配(pei)電柜(ju)技(ji)術(shu)無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)產品設(she)計、制造(zao)工藝，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)經(jing)營管理，生產過程方面都取得了(le)很(hen)大(da)進(jin)(jin)(jin)步(bu)。

低壓配電柜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行業(ye)(ye)則先(xian)于高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)行業(ye)(ye)將(jiang)計算機(ji)(ji)技術(shu)應用(yong)與產(chan)(chan)(chan)品結構中(zhong)(zhong)。實現產(chan)(chan)(chan)品智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)網(wang)絡(luo)化(hua)(hua)，并(bing)已(yi)(yi)有(you)智(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)低壓(ya)(ya)斷路器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)控制器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、過載繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、開關(guan)柜等產(chan)(chan)(chan)品問世;此外(wai)，國(guo)內(nei)低壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在可靠(kao)性(xing)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)、無(wu)觸(chu)點(dian)開關(guan)、真空技術(shu)、限流技術(shu)、零飛弧、高(gao)性(xing)能(neng)和(he)(he)小型化(hua)(hua)、組合化(hua)(hua)、模數化(hua)(hua)、模塊(kuai)化(hua)(hua)等方面均取得了可喜的(de)(de)成(cheng)績。我國(guo)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)開關(guan)柜已(yi)(yi)發展到(dao)(dao)金屬封閉型(含鎧裝、間隔和(he)(he)箱式(shi))、低壓(ya)(ya)則以(yi)封閉抽出式(shi)單元(yuan)為主(zhu)。各種(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)手(shou)車式(shi)、中(zhong)(zhong)置式(shi)、環網(wang)柜、F-C柜、箱變以(yi)及(ji)低壓(ya)(ya)抽屜柜、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)控制中(zhong)(zhong)心等產(chan)(chan)(chan)品已(yi)(yi)大量上(shang)市(shi)。我國(guo)高(gao)低壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)套(tao)設(she)備(bei)均已(yi)(yi)等同或(huo)等效采用(yong)IEC標(biao)準(zhun)，根(gen)據國(guo)情在絕緣要求上(shang)還(huan)嚴(yan)于IEC標(biao)準(zhun)。我國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)少企業(ye)(ye)已(yi)(yi)開始采用(yong)CAD、CAPP、CAM、CAE、MIS等先(xian)進(jin)技術(shu)，部分重點(dian)，骨干企業(ye)(ye)已(yi)(yi)具(ju)備(bei)CIMS技術(shu)。值得一提(ti)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，直到(dao)(dao)二十(shi)世紀(ji)結束，無(wu)論是(shi)(shi)國(guo)內(nei)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)外(wai)，整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)科學理論尚未達到(dao)(dao)成(cheng)熟和(he)(he)完善的(de)(de)地(di)步(bu)，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧過程(cheng)及(ji)其數學模型的(de)(de)建立等課題，仍(reng)然有(you)待進(jin)一步(bu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)設(she)計除發熱、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動力、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接觸(chu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁特(te)性(xing)等方面有(you)一些(xie)零星的(de)(de)經驗公式(shi)外(wai)，說到(dao)(dao)底不(bu)過是(shi)(shi)類比優(you)化(hua)(hua)加實驗的(de)(de)方法(fa)。

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