在配電室中，我們會經常在無功補償柜中(zhong)看到電(dian)(dian)容器的(de)存在，電(dian)(dian)容器在配電(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)中(zhong)承擔儲存和釋放電(dian)(dian)荷的(de)作用(yong)，電(dian)(dian)容器是(shi)由(you)兩(liang)塊平行極板和極板件的(de)絕緣材料(liao)組成的(de)。

一、電容器的結構

1、電容器常用的(de)固體電介質(zhi)

（1）紙介質

（2）膜紙復合介質

（3）純膜介質

2、內部結構

（1）多元件串聯

多元件串聯的(de)目(mu)的(de)是能夠(gou)承(cheng)受(shou)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)電壓(ya)。

（2）多元件并聯

多元件并聯目的是(shi)獲(huo)得較大的電容量。

二、電容器的特性

1、并聯電容器

并聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)容器用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)力負(fu)荷無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補償，在(zai)用電(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷中存在(zai)大量的(de)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)，如感應電(dian)(dian)動機、變(bian)壓(ya)器中的(de)勵(li)磁功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)、輸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路電(dian)(dian)感消耗的(de)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)，無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)流在(zai)輸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路中傳輸時，就會在(zai)線(xian)路、配電(dian)(dian)室(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)導線(xian)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)中產生損(sun)耗，造成不必(bi)要的(de)浪(lang)費。

2、串聯電容器

串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)用于輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)無功補償，輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)存在(zai)一定(ding)的(de)(de)分布電(dian)(dian)(dian)感，線(xian)路(lu)(lu)越長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感量越大，增(zeng)加了線(xian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)阻抗和電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)。在(zai)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)中串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)感上的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)互相抵(di)消，從而(er)減(jian)小了線(xian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)，加長(chang)了輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)距(ju)離和輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力，提高輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)質量和系(xi)統的(de)(de)穩定(ding)性。

三、電容器的保護措施(shi)

1、串聯電抗器限(xian)流；

2、采(cai)用無重燃(ran)開關（如SF6開關）；

3、開關中增加輔助觸(chu)頭和(he)并聯電阻；

4、單元件熔斷(duan)絲保護；

5、加裝避雷器保(bao)護；

6、三(san)相電容器組采用(yong)雙星形(xing)接法。

電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器在電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中作(zuo)用(yong)是很多的，如耦合(he)、濾波、諧振(zhen)、高(gao)頻消振(zhen)、旁(pang)路(lu)、中和、補償等作(zuo)用(yong)，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)在交流電(dian)(dian)路(lu)里可(ke)將電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)維持在較高(gao)的平均值，改善增加電(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的穩定性。對(dui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流負載的突發啟動給予電(dian)(dian)流補償，電(dian)(dian)力補償電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)組可(ke)提(ti)供巨大(da)的瞬間電(dian)(dian)流，減少對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網的沖擊。

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