無功功率不是無用功率，在交流供電系統中，電感和電容都是必不可少的負載。它縮成到的作用是提高電網中的功率因數，其需要控制在0.95以上。無功補償柜一般是(shi)把具(ju)有容性功率負荷的裝置與感(gan)(gan)性功率負荷并聯接(jie)在同一電路(lu)，使能量在容性負載和感(gan)(gan)性負載之間交換。

一、無功補償的原因

當系統中無功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)需求增(zeng)(zeng)大時，如(ru)果不(bu)安裝無功(gong)(gong)(gong)補償裝置，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)要(yao)(yao)通(tong)過調相的(de)(de)方式來(lai)加(jia)(jia)大無功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)輸(shu)出(chu)，由于發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)容量(liang)是有(you)限的(de)(de)，那么(me)就(jiu)(jiu)勢必(bi)要(yao)(yao)減少有(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)量(liang)，也就(jiu)(jiu)是降(jiang)低發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)能力(li)(li)，為(wei)滿(man)足用電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機、供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路和變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)(de)容量(liang)需增(zeng)(zeng)大，這樣不(bu)僅增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)投資、降(jiang)低設備(bei)利用率(lv)，也將(jiang)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)線路損耗。為(wei)了降(jiang)低發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)壓力(li)(li)，在供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統中感(gan)性負載消(xiao)耗較大的(de)(de)點投入相應的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)來(lai)為(wei)感(gan)性負載提供(gong)(gong)(gong)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)，這樣就(jiu)(jiu)減輕了發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)壓力(li)(li)。

二、補償形式

1、就地補償

就(jiu)地補(bu)償(chang)是通過對(dui)電(dian)機(ji)的補(bu)償(chang)，從(cong)而(er)降低電(dian)機(ji)的線路損耗。將固定容量的電(dian)容器(qi)組并聯在無功(gong)負載上，就(jiu)地提供(gong)固定容量的容性無功(gong)功(gong)率，補(bu)償(chang)感性無功(gong)功(gong)率。一般針對(dui)大電(dian)機(ji)的補(bu)償(chang)方(fang)式(shi)。

2、集中補償

集中補(bu)償是(shi)通過(guo)電容(rong)對(dui)整(zheng)個電網的(de)補(bu)償，從而維持整(zheng)個電網的(de)平衡。固定容(rong)量的(de)電容(rong)器(qi)組(zu)并聯連接在配電變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)3~35kV母線上，提供固定容(rong)量的(de)容(rong)性無功功率(lv)(lv)，補(bu)償感性無功功率(lv)(lv)，改善(shan)功率(lv)(lv)因(yin)數。

三、作用

（1）補(bu)償無功功率，提高(gao)功率因(yin)數(shu)

（2）降(jiang)低輸電線(xian)路及變壓器的損耗

（3）增加電網的傳輸能力，提高(gao)設(she)備利用率

（4）改善電壓質量

（5）節約電量

無功(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)柜可以分為高(gao)壓(ya)無功(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)柜和低(di)(di)壓(ya)無功(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)，高(gao)壓(ya)無功(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)柜又可以細分為自動(dong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)、集中補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)、就地補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)等(deng)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，低(di)(di)壓(ya)無功(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)柜也可以細分為接觸器(qi)、負荷開(kai)關、可控硅等(deng)投切方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。根(gen)據現場需求不(bu)同、線路負載情況、電(dian)(dian)機功(gong)率大(da)小等(deng)要素選擇合適的補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)按方(fang)(fang)案，確保有(you)效提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)力系統中的電(dian)(dian)能的利用率，降(jiang)低(di)(di)損耗。

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