當開關柜經外觀檢查未發現故障點時，可根據故障現象，結合電路圖分析故障原因，在不擴大故障范圍、不損傷電氣和機械設備的前提下，進行直接通電試驗，或除去負載（從控制箱接線端子扳上卸下）通電試驗，以分清開關柜的故障(zhang)可能(neng)是在(zai)電(dian)(dian)氣部分還是在(zai)機械等其他部分；是在(zai)電(dian)(dian)動機上(shang)還是在(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)設備(bei)上(shang)；是在(zai)主電(dian)(dian)路上(shang)還是在(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路上(shang)。例如(ru)，接觸器(qi)吸合電(dian)(dian)動機不(bu)動作(zuo)，則故障(zhang)在(zai)主電(dian)(dian)路中；如(ru)接觸器(qi)不(bu)吸合，則故障(zhang)在(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路中。

確定無危險情況(kuang)下，通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試車(che)，觀察實(shi)際情況(kuang)。一般情況(kuang)下要(yao)求(qiu)開關(guan)柜的(de)(de)調試人員應按正常(chang)操作(zuo)程序啟(qi)動(dong)設備。如果(guo)故障(zhang)不是(shi)整機性的(de)(de)導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣控制系(xi)統癱瘓(huan)，可(ke)以采(cai)用試運轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)方(fang)法進行(xing)排查(cha)，幫助調試人員對故障(zhang)的(de)(de)原始(shi)狀(zhuang)態有個綜合的(de)(de)評估。一般情況(kuang)下先檢(jian)查(cha)開關(guan)柜的(de)(de)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，具體方(fang)法是(shi)：操作(zuo)某(mou)一只按鈕(niu)或開關(guan)時，線路(lu)中(zhong)有關(guan)的(de)(de)接(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)、繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)將(jiang)按規定的(de)(de)動(dong)作(zuo)順(shun)序進行(xing)工(gong)作(zuo)。若依(yi)次動(dong)作(zuo)至某(mou)一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)元器(qi)(qi)件時，發現動(dong)作(zuo)不符合要(yao)求(qiu)，即(ji)說明該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)元器(qi)(qi)件或其相(xiang)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)有問(wen)題，在此(ci)開關(guan)柜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)進行(xing)逐項分析和檢(jian)查(cha)，一般便可(ke)發現故障(zhang)。待控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)故障(zhang)排除(chu)恢復(fu)正路(lu)，檢(jian)查(cha)對主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)控制效果(guo)，觀察開關(guan)柜的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)情況(kuang)有無異常(chang)等。

在開關柜通電試(shi)驗時，必須注(zhu)意人身和設備的安全(quan)。要(yao)遵守安全(quan)操作規(gui)程，不(bu)得隨意觸動(dong)(dong)帶電部(bu)要(yao)盡可能(neng)切斷電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)主(zhu)電路(lu)電源，只在控(kong)制電路(lu)帶電的情況下(xia)(xia)進行檢查；如需電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)，則應使電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)在空載下(xia)(xia)運(yun)行，以(yi)避免(mian)設備的運(yun)動(dong)(dong)部(bu)分發生誤動(dong)(dong)作和碰(peng)撞(zhuang)；要(yao)暫時隔斷有(you)故(gu)障的主(zhu)電路(lu)，以(yi)免(mian)故(gu)障擴大，并預先(xian)充分估計到(dao)局部(bu)線路(lu)動(dong)(dong)作后可能(neng)發生的不(bu)良后果。

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