漏電保護器能否倒裝或反接?
漏電保護器的倒裝或反接是我們電氣技術人員可能會經常見到的現象,見多了反而有些猶豫了,漏電保護器可以這樣用嗎?在安徽得潤電氣的車(che)間也(ye)曾發生(sheng)過部分(fen)新員工想當然的倒裝(zhuang)或反接(jie)漏電保(bao)護器,也(ye)許是(shi)某些進線方(fang)式的要(yao)(yao)求使其改變接(jie)線方(fang)式后(hou)的排版(ban)看(kan)起來更美觀吧。至于(yu)是(shi)否真(zhen)的可以這樣做,首先我(wo)們(men)對漏電保(bao)護器要(yao)(yao)有(you)一個簡單(dan)的認識(shi)。
漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)器,簡(jian)稱漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電開關,又(you)叫漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電斷路器,主(zhu)要是用(yong)來在設備發生漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電故(gu)障時(shi)以及對有致命危險(xian)的人身觸(chu)電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu),具有過載(zai)和(he)短路保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)功(gong)能(neng),可(ke)用(yong)來保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)線(xian)路或(huo)電動機的過載(zai)和(he)短路,亦可(ke)在正常情況下(xia)作為線(xian)路的不(bu)頻繁轉換啟動之用(yong)。漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)器可(ke)以按(an)其保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)功(gong)能(neng)、結構特征、安裝(zhuang)方式、運行方式、極數和(he)線(xian)數、動作靈敏度(du)等分類,這里主(zhu)要按(an)其保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)功(gong)能(neng)和(he)用(yong)途分類進(jin)行敘述,一般可(ke)分為漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)繼電器、漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)開關和(he)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)插座三(san)種。
電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)時,將呈現異常的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)信號,漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)過(guo)檢測、處理此異常電(dian)(dian)流(liu)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)信號,促(cu)使執行機(ji)構(gou)動(dong)作。我們把根據故障電(dian)(dian)流(liu)動(dong)作的(de)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)叫電(dian)(dian)流(liu)型漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),根據故障電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)動(dong)作的(de)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)叫電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)型漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)型漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)結(jie)構(gou)復雜,受外(wai)(wai)界干擾動(dong)作特(te)性(xing)穩定性(xing)差,制(zhi)造成本高,現已基本淘汰。國(guo)內外(wai)(wai)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)研究和應(ying)用均(jun)以電(dian)(dian)流(liu)型漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為主導(dao)地位。
正常(chang)情況下(xia),三相負荷(he)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和對地漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)基本平(ping)衡,流(liu)過互(hu)感器(qi)一次(ci)線(xian)圈電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)相量和約(yue)為零(ling),即(ji)(ji)由(you)它在鐵芯中產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)總磁通(tong)為零(ling),零(ling)序(xu)互(hu)感器(qi)二次(ci)線(xian)圈無輸(shu)出。當發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)觸電(dian)(dian)時,觸電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)過大地成回路(lu),亦即(ji)(ji)產生(sheng)(sheng)了零(ling)序(xu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不經過互(hu)感器(qi)一次(ci)線(xian)圈流(liu)回,破壞了平(ping)衡,于是鐵芯中便有零(ling)序(xu)磁通(tong),使二次(ci)線(xian)圈輸(shu)出信號(hao)(hao)。這(zhe)個信號(hao)(hao)經過放大、比(bi)較元件(jian)判(pan)斷,如(ru)達到預定動作值,即(ji)(ji)發(fa)執行(xing)信號(hao)(hao)給執行(xing)元件(jian)動作掉(diao)閘,切斷電(dian)(dian)源。
漏電保護器(qi)的(de)安裝(zhuang)與使用除(chu)了應遵守常規的(de)電氣(qi)設備安裝(zhuang)規程外,以下幾點也是要注(zhu)意的(de):
1. 漏電保護器的安裝應(ying)符合(he)生產廠(chang)家產品說(shuo)明書的要求(qiu)。
2. 標有電(dian)源側(ce)(ce)和負荷側(ce)(ce)的漏電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器不得(de)接反(fan)。如果接反(fan),會導致電(dian)子式漏電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器的脫(tuo)扣線圈(quan)無法(fa)隨電(dian)源切斷而斷電(dian),以致長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)通(tong)電(dian)而燒毀(hui)。
3. 安(an)裝(zhuang)漏電(dian)保護(hu)(hu)器不得拆除或放棄原(yuan)有的安(an)全防護(hu)(hu)措(cuo)施,漏電(dian)保護(hu)(hu)器只(zhi)能作為電(dian)氣安(an)全防護(hu)(hu)系(xi)統中的附加(jia)保護(hu)(hu)措(cuo)施。
4. 安(an)裝漏電保(bao)護器(qi)時,必須嚴格區分中性線(xian)(xian)和(he)保(bao)護線(xian)(xian)。使用三極四線(xian)(xian)式和(he)四極四線(xian)(xian)式漏電保(bao)護器(qi)時,中性線(xian)(xian)應(ying)接入漏電保(bao)護器(qi)。經過漏電保(bao)護器(qi)的中性線(xian)(xian)不得作(zuo)為保(bao)護線(xian)(xian)。
5. 工(gong)作零線不(bu)得在漏(lou)(lou)電保護(hu)器負荷(he)側重復接地,否則漏(lou)(lou)電保護(hu)器不(bu)能正常(chang)工(gong)作。
6. 采用(yong)漏電保(bao)護器(qi)的支路(lu),其工(gong)作零線(xian)(xian)只能(neng)作為本(ben)回路(lu)的零線(xian)(xian),禁止(zhi)與其他回路(lu)工(gong)作零線(xian)(xian)相連,其他線(xian)(xian)路(lu)或設備也(ye)不能(neng)借用(yong)已采用(yong)漏電保(bao)護器(qi)后的線(xian)(xian)路(lu)或設備的工(gong)作零線(xian)(xian)。
通過上文的(de)(de)(de)描述可(ke)(ke)知(zhi),進出線(xian)(xian)接(jie)反除了有安全隱(yin)患外,還存在(zai)(zai)短路(lu)分斷能(neng)力下降(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題,斷路(lu)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)作(zuo)用是短路(lu)保(bao)護,及時(shi)(shi)分斷短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu),任何一種斷路(lu)器(qi)都有可(ke)(ke)分斷短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值,標在(zai)(zai)斷路(lu)器(qi)上單位是KA,如(ru)果(guo)進出線(xian)(xian)接(jie)反,這(zhe)個(ge)參數(shu)下降(jiang),當(dang)發生短路(lu)時(shi)(shi),短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)超(chao)過了斷路(lu)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)分斷電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值,斷路(lu)器(qi)分斷時(shi)(shi)無法(fa)熄弧,就會(hui)(hui)燒(shao)壞(huai)斷路(lu)器(qi)或(huo)燒(shao)壞(huai)線(xian)(xian)路(lu),嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)會(hui)(hui)引起斷路(lu)器(qi)爆炸。因此當(dang)條件所限,必須反接(jie)進出線(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi),應了解(jie)該斷路(lu)器(qi)產品是否(fou)允許(xu)反接(jie),反接(jie)后(hou)分斷能(neng)力下降(jiang)多少?是否(fou)還超(chao)過所保(bao)護線(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)最大短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)?
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