在供配電行業中，無功補償裝置是成套設備中不可缺少的配電柜。當然，無功功率不是無用功率，在供電系統中，電容和電感都是不可缺少的負載，因此無功的存在對能量的傳輸和交換是非常重要的。今天就以高壓無功就地補償裝置了解其中的基本原理。

一、了解無功補償

系統中眾多的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功負(fu)載，尤其(qi)是感(gan)性(xing)(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功負(fu)載，正常來講，這些負(fu)載所吸收的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功功率是由(you)發電(dian)(dian)廠提供的(de)(de)(de)，也(ye)就是說發電(dian)(dian)機在工作時就會向系統釋放有(you)功電(dian)(dian)能，同時對感(gan)性(xing)(xing)負(fu)載提供相應的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功電(dian)(dian)能。發電(dian)(dian)機運(yun)行時必須(xu)要保(bao)持適當的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功輸出，如果沒有(you)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功輸出就會對發電(dian)(dian)系統造成破壞(huai)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)影響，也(ye)就是說保(bao)護系統的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功平衡(heng)至關重要。

二、工作原理

一般在(zai)系統中所說(shuo)的(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)大部分是感(gan)性(xing)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)，把(ba)具(ju)有容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率負(fu)荷(he)(he)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)與感(gan)性(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率負(fu)荷(he)(he)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)接在(zai)同一電(dian)(dian)路，當感(gan)性(xing)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)吸收能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)，容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)釋(shi)放能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)，而感(gan)性(xing)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)釋(shi)放能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)，容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)負(fu)荷(he)(he)卻(que)在(zai)吸收能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)，能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)在(zai)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)和感(gan)性(xing)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)之間交換(huan)。高壓(ya)(ya)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)地補償(chang)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)將固定(ding)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器組并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)在(zai)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)上，就(jiu)地提(ti)(ti)供固定(ding)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率，補償(chang)感(gan)性(xing)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率，提(ti)(ti)高無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率因數，穩(wen)定(ding)系統電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，從而降(jiang)低線(xian)路損耗，節約(yue)電(dian)(dian)費成本，提(ti)(ti)高變壓(ya)(ya)器傳(chuan)輸容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)，提(ti)(ti)高整體的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力傳(chuan)輸效(xiao)率。

三、優缺點

優點：用電(dian)設備(bei)(bei)運行時(shi)，無功補(bu)(bu)償投入，用電(dian)設備(bei)(bei)停(ting)運時(shi)，補(bu)(bu)償設備(bei)(bei)也退出，而且不(bu)需頻(pin)繁(fan)；調(diao)整補(bu)(bu)償容量(liang)。所用元器件數量(liang)少(shao)于單(dan)個補(bu)(bu)償，可以減輕至負載(zai)組配(pei)電(dian)的(de)線路負擔(dan)；具有(you)投資少(shao)、占位小、安裝容易、配(pei)置方便(bian)靈活、維護簡單(dan)、事(shi)故率低等特點；就地補(bu)(bu)償不(bu)宜用在頻(pin)繁(fan)投切的(de)場(chang)合，因(yin)為操作電(dian)壓的(de)降低對電(dian)容器的(de)沖擊。

缺點(dian)：不易于對(dui)整(zheng)個線(xian)路(lu)的集中控制管理，降低電網的管理效率。

高壓無(wu)功(gong)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)裝置的補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)方式除(chu)了就地補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)，還(huan)有集中補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)、自(zi)動補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)等方式，一般根據(ju)現場不同方案的選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)、電機功(gong)率大小(xiao)、以及線路負載情(qing)況選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)合適的設計方案。而高壓無(wu)功(gong)就地補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)裝置廣泛應(ying)用于水泥、電廠等行(xing)業。

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