低壓電容柜在電(dian)氣(qi)供(gong)電(dian)系統中的(de)作(zuo)用是(shi)不(bu)可或缺(que)的(de)，能(neng)夠有效提高(gao)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)功率(lv)因數(shu)，改善電(dian)能(neng)質量。在工(gong)作(zuo)中，大家(jia)會經常(chang)遇到低壓(ya)電(dian)容柜相關問題(ti)(ti)不(bu)夠了(le)解(jie)的(de)地方，今天就為大家(jia)整理了(le)相關常(chang)見的(de)問題(ti)(ti)及解(jie)決方案。

一、為什么要在系統安(an)裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容補償(chang)裝置？工業生產廣(guang)泛使用的交流異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機、電(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)機、電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐等設備都(dou)是(shi)感性負(fu)載(zai)，這(zhe)(zhe)些感性的負(fu)載(zai)在進行能(neng)量轉換過程中，使加在其上的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超前電(dian)(dian)(dian)流一個角(jiao)度，這(zhe)(zhe)個角(jiao)度的余(yu)弦cosΦ叫(jiao)做功率因數(shu)。當(dang)功率因數(shu)即無功功率很大時，會有以下危害：

（1）增大線(xian)路電流，使線(xian)路損耗(hao)加(jia)大，浪費電能；

（2）因線(xian)路電(dian)(dian)流增大，一旦輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路較(jiao)遠，線(xian)路上的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降就(jiu)(jiu)大，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)低就(jiu)(jiu)可能影響設備正(zheng)常使用；

（3）對變(bian)壓器(qi)或(huo)者(zhe)發(fa)電(dian)機而言，無功功率大(da)，變(bian)壓器(qi)或(huo)者(zhe)發(fa)電(dian)機輸(shu)出(chu)的電(dian)流也大(da)，往往是(shi)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流已(yi)達額定(ding)值，這時負(fu)荷若再(zai)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)就需(xu)要(yao)加(jia)(jia)多一(yi)臺變(bian)壓器(qi)或(huo)者(zhe)發(fa)電(dian)機組，浪費資(zi)源；補(bu)償了電(dian)容后(hou)，同(tong)樣負(fu)荷下變(bian)壓器(qi)或(huo)者(zhe)發(fa)電(dian)機輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流大(da)大(da)降低(di)，再(zai)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)負(fu)荷機組也能(neng)承受，無需(xu)再(zai)加(jia)(jia)一(yi)臺變(bian)壓器(qi)或(huo)者(zhe)發(fa)電(dian)機，可節省資(zi)源。

（4）月平均功率(lv)因數工業用戶低(di)于(yu)(yu)0.92、普(pu)通用戶低(di)于(yu)(yu)0.9要被供電管理部門處于(yu)(yu)不同(tong)額度的罰(fa)款。增(zeng)加并聯電容補償(chang)柜是(shi)補償(chang)功率(lv)因數的方法之一(yi)。

二、為(wei)什么電(dian)容器的保護控制(zhi)電(dian)器和導線要求按照電(dian)容器額定電(dian)流的1.5倍來選擇?

開關(guan)、保(bao)護裝置(zhi)及(ji)連(lian)接(jie)件開關(guan)、保(bao)護裝置(zhi)及(ji)連(lian)接(jie)件均(jun)應(ying)設計成能連(lian)續承受在額(e)(e)定(ding)頻率(lv)和方均(jun)根值(zhi)等(deng)于額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)正弦電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下得到的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)1.3倍(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)可能為(wei)額(e)(e)定(ding)值(zhi)的(de)(de)1.10倍(bei)(bei)，故這(zhe)一電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)最大值(zhi)為(wei)1.3*1.1倍(bei)(bei)額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即1.43In。不(bu)同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，其選擇不(bu)同，并(bing)非(fei)1.5倍(bei)(bei)這(zhe)么簡單。比如熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)應(ying)選1.7~1.9倍(bei)(bei)之間，主要(yao)為(wei)短(duan)路保(bao)護。過(guo)載保(bao)護用熱(re)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)，一般按電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)1.15倍(bei)(bei)整(zheng)定(ding)。因為(wei)熱(re)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)在整(zheng)定(ding)值(zhi)1.2倍(bei)(bei)2小(xiao)時以(yi)內(nei)不(bu)會動(dong)作，如整(zheng)定(ding)1.5倍(bei)(bei)，那(nei)過(guo)載保(bao)護就成了個擺設。

三、補償柜中熔(rong)斷器(qi)為何不能用微型(xing)斷路器(qi)來代替?

熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)主要為短(duan)(duan)路(lu)保護應選用(yong)快(kuai)速熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)，微斷與熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)特(te)性(xing)曲(qu)線不(bu)同，微斷的(de)分(fen)(fen)斷能(neng)力(li)太低（<=6000A），遇(yu)到(dao)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)響應時(shi)間沒有熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)快(kuai)，當(dang)遇(yu)到(dao)高次諧波時(shi)，微斷分(fen)(fen)斷不(bu)了(le)負荷電流會(hui)造成開(kai)關炸開(kai)損壞(huai)，因為故(gu)(gu)障電流過大，結果微斷觸(chu)點燒了(le)，斷不(bu)了(le)擴大故(gu)(gu)障范圍，嚴重時(shi)發(fa)生短(duan)(duan)路(lu)引(yin)起全廠停(ting)電事(shi)故(gu)(gu)。所以電容柜不(bu)能(neng)用(yong)微斷代替熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)。

四、補償柜中熱繼(ji)電器何(he)種情況下可省略?

一般(ban)靜態補(bu)償(chang)方(fang)案(an)：刀熔開(kai)關→熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)→接觸器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)→熱(re)(re)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)→（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）→電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。熱(re)(re)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)(qi)到過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)功能(neng)，現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)諧波、過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓隨時(shi)都(dou)可(ke)能(neng)造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載。熱(re)(re)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載動作從而起(qi)(qi)到保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。如果選用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)帶斷(duan)(duan)(duan)相保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)功能(neng)，同樣在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缺相時(shi)能(neng)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)開(kai)接觸器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)回路來切(qie)除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，起(qi)(qi)到斷(duan)(duan)(duan)相保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。熱(re)(re)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍(wei)可(ke)調，而微(wei)(wei)(wei)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)為(wei)定(ding)值，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)只有(you)當微(wei)(wei)(wei)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)脫扣(kou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)正(zheng)好(hao)適用(yong)于被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，才可(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)微(wei)(wei)(wei)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)來代替熱(re)(re)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。一次方(fang)案(an)也簡化為(wei)：刀熔開(kai)關→微(wei)(wei)(wei)型(xing)(xing)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)→接觸器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)→（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）→電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。此方(fang)案(an)應該根據(ju)被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）合理(li)選擇保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)（微(wei)(wei)(wei)型(xing)(xing)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，接觸器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）微(wei)(wei)(wei)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)應滿足分斷(duan)(duan)(duan)要求(qiu)，采用(yong)D型(xing)(xing)或更(geng)高分斷(duan)(duan)(duan)能(neng)力，熱(re)(re)脫扣(kou)整(zheng)定(ding)與被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)相符。但應注意的(de)(de)(de)是，熱(re)(re)脫扣(kou)動作后，需人工(gong)把(ba)開(kai)關合上，對(dui)于無人值守的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)室(shi)，補(bu)償(chang)柜(ju)自動補(bu)償(chang)的(de)(de)(de)意義將(jiang)大打折(zhe)扣(kou)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)微(wei)(wei)(wei)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)熱(re)(re)脫扣(kou)代替熱(re)(re)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不合理(li)。

五(wu)、XD1電抗器與濾(lv)波(bo)電抗器一樣嗎?

XD1電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)全稱為XD1限(xian)流型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)，采用(yong)不飽和聚酯樹脂澆注成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，用(yong)于無(wu)功功率補償裝(zhuang)置中作為限(xian)制低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的合閘涌流和增(zeng)加合閘開關(guan)的開斷(duan)能力(li)。濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)低壓(ya)無(wu)功補償成(cheng)(cheng)套裝(zhuang)置中，與并聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)串聯使用(yong)，確保(bao)裝(zhuang)置在(zai)諧(xie)波嚴重的場合能正(zheng)常安全地運行。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)柜補償(chang)(chang)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)和負載是并聯連接的(de)(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)就和電(dian)(dian)(dian)庫一樣(yang)，當(dang)負載增大時(shi)(shi)，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)存(cun)在內阻，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就會下降(jiang)，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)兩端要(yao)維持原(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，也(ye)就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)內的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)要(yao)流(liu)出(chu)一部分，延緩了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)下降(jiang)趨(qu)勢，就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)補償(chang)(chang)原(yuan)理。

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