電容除了無功補償還有哪些作用呢?
電(dian)容是(shi)電(dian)氣設備里常見的(de)(de)元器件,它的(de)(de)用處也是(shi)非常廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)。可以應(ying)用到多種(zhong)高低壓柜中,進(jin)行(xing)不同功能(neng)的(de)(de)工作,如:在旁路、去藕、濾波、無(wu)功補償方(fang)面的(de)(de)作用。
1、隔(ge)直流:作用是阻(zu)止(zhi)直流通過而讓交流通過。
2、耦合:作為兩個電路之間的(de)連接,允許交(jiao)流(liu)信號通過(guo)并傳(chuan)輸到下一級電路。
用電容做耦(ou)合的(de)元件,是為(wei)了(le)將前級(ji)(ji)信號(hao)傳(chuan)遞(di)到后一級(ji)(ji),并且隔斷前一級(ji)(ji)的(de)直(zhi)流對后一級(ji)(ji)的(de)影響,使(shi)電路(lu)調(diao)試簡(jian)單,性能(neng)穩(wen)定(ding)。
如果不(bu)加電容(rong)交(jiao)流(liu)信號放大(da)不(bu)會改變,只是各級工(gong)作(zuo)點需重新設計,由于前后級影響,調試工(gong)作(zuo)點非常(chang)困難,在多級時幾乎無法實現。
3、濾(lv)波:這(zhe)個對電路(lu)而言很重要,CPU背后的電容基本都是這(zhe)個作用。
即頻(pin)(pin)率f越大(da),電(dian)容(rong)的阻(zu)(zu)抗Z越小(xiao)。當(dang)低頻(pin)(pin)時(shi),電(dian)容(rong)C由(you)于阻(zu)(zu)抗Z比較(jiao)大(da),有用(yong)信號可以(yi)順利通過;當(dang)高頻(pin)(pin)時(shi),電(dian)容(rong)C由(you)于阻(zu)(zu)抗Z已經很小(xiao)了(le),相當(dang)于把高頻(pin)(pin)噪聲短路到GND上去(qu)了(le)。
濾(lv)波作用(yong):理(li)想電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong),電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)越大(da)(da),阻抗(kang)越小(xiao),通過的(de)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)也越高(gao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)一般都是(shi)(shi)超(chao)過 1F ,其中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感成份很大(da)(da),因(yin)此(ci)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)高(gao)后反而阻抗(kang)會(hui)大(da)(da)。我(wo)們(men)經(jing)常看見有時會(hui)看到有一個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量較大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)并(bing)聯了一個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong),其實(shi)大(da)(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)通低頻(pin)(pin),小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)通高(gao)頻(pin)(pin),這樣才能(neng)充分濾(lv)除高(gao)低頻(pin)(pin)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)越高(gao)時候則衰減越大(da)(da),電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)像(xiang)一個(ge)(ge)水塘(tang),幾滴水不足以引起它的(de)很大(da)(da)變化,也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波動不是(shi)(shi)你很大(da)(da)時候電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可以緩沖。
4、溫(wen)度補(bu)償:針對其它元件(jian)對溫(wen)度的(de)適(shi)應性不夠(gou)帶來的(de)影響(xiang),而進行補(bu)償,改善電路(lu)的(de)穩定性。
分(fen)析:由于定時(shi)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)容(rong)(rong)量決定了行(xing)振(zhen)蕩(dang)器(qi)的(de)振(zhen)蕩(dang)頻率,所以要(yao)求定時(shi)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)容(rong)(rong)量非常穩定,不隨環境(jing)濕度變化而(er)變化,這(zhe)樣(yang)才(cai)能使(shi)行(xing)振(zhen)蕩(dang)器(qi)的(de)振(zhen)蕩(dang)頻率穩定。因此采用正、負(fu)溫度系數的(de)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)釋聯,進行(xing)溫度互補(bu)。
當工作溫(wen)度(du)升高(gao)時,Cl的容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)在增大,而C2的容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)在減小(xiao),兩只電容(rong)(rong)(rong)并(bing)聯(lian)后的總(zong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)為兩只電容(rong)(rong)(rong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)之和,由于(yu)一個容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)在增大而另一個在減小(xiao),所(suo)以(yi)總(zong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)基(ji)本不變。
同理(li),在(zai)(zai)(zai)溫度降低時,一個電容的容量(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)減小而另一個在(zai)(zai)(zai)增大,總的容量(liang)基本不變,穩定(ding)了(le)振蕩頻率,實(shi)現(xian)溫度補(bu)償目的。
5、計(ji)時:電(dian)容器與(yu)電(dian)阻(zu)器配合使用(yong),確定電(dian)路的時間常數。
輸入(ru)信號由(you)低向(xiang)高(gao)跳變(bian)時,經過緩沖(chong)1后輸入(ru)RC電(dian)路。電(dian)容充電(dian)的(de)(de)特性使(shi)B點(dian)的(de)(de)信號并不會跟(gen)隨輸入(ru)信號立即跳變(bian),而是有一個(ge)逐漸變(bian)大(da)的(de)(de)過程。當(dang)變(bian)大(da)到一定(ding)程度(du)時,緩沖(chong)2翻(fan)轉,在(zai)輸出端得到了一個(ge)延(yan)遲(chi)的(de)(de)由(you)低向(xiang)高(gao)的(de)(de)跳變(bian)。
時間常(chang)數(shu):以常(chang)見的(de) RC 串聯構成(cheng)積(ji)分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)為(wei)例,當(dang)輸入(ru)信(xin)號(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓加在輸入(ru)端時,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸上升(sheng)。而其充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流則隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)上升(sheng)而減小,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C串聯接入(ru)輸入(ru)信(xin)號(hao)VI,由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C輸出信(xin)號(hao)V0,當(dang)RC (τ)數(shu)值與輸入(ru)方波寬度tW之間滿足:τ》》tW,這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)稱(cheng)為(wei)積(ji)分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu).
6、無功補償:在配電系統中,負載一般都是感性負載,造成系統中的電流落后于電壓,產生了無功功率。所以,配電系統中往往要配套并聯一些補償電容,以期提高系統功率因數,降低電流滯后于電壓的程度。電容的這種用途叫做補償無功功率補償,被經常使用在無功補償裝置中。
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