得潤電氣分享史上全面的低壓電器基礎知識
低壓電(dian)器是(shi)電(dian)氣設備生產廠家(jia)不可(ke)缺少的組成(cheng)部(bu)份(fen),它(ta)的性能和作用也需(xu)要有(you)所了解。
一、斷路器
低(di)壓斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器俗稱(cheng)自動開關(guan)或空氣(qi)開關(guan),用(yong)于低(di)壓配電(dian)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中不頻繁的通斷(duan)(duan)控制。在(zai)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)發生短路(lu)(lu)(lu)、過載或欠電(dian)壓等故(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)能自動分斷(duan)(duan)故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu),是(shi)一種控制兼(jian)保護電(dian)器。
斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)的種類繁多,按其用(yong)途和結構特點可(ke)分(fen)為DW型(xing)框架(jia)式(shi)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)、DZ型(xing)塑料(liao)外(wai)殼式(shi)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)、DS型(xing)直流快速斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)和DWX型(xing)、DWZ型(xing)限流式(shi)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)等。框架(jia)式(shi)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)主要(yao)用(yong)作(zuo)配(pei)電(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)的保(bao)護(hu)開(kai)關,而(er)塑料(liao)外(wai)殼式(shi)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)除可(ke)用(yong)作(zuo)配(pei)電(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)的保(bao)護(hu)開(kai)關外(wai),還可(ke)用(yong)作(zuo)電(dian)動機、照(zhao)明電(dian)路(lu)(lu)及(ji)電(dian)熱電(dian)路(lu)(lu)的控制開(kai)關。
下(xia)面以塑殼斷路(lu)器(qi)為例(li)簡(jian)單(dan)介紹斷路(lu)器(qi)的結構、工作(zuo)原(yuan)理、使(shi)用(yong)與(yu)選用(yong)方法。
>>>>
斷路器的結構和工作
斷路器主(zhu)要由3個基(ji)本部分組(zu)成,即觸頭、滅弧系統(tong)和各種脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)器,包(bao)括過電流(liu)脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)器、失壓(欠電壓)脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)器、熱脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)器、分勵脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)器和自由脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)器。
圖(tu)(tu)1-8是(shi)(shi)斷(duan)路(lu)器工作(zuo)原理(li)示(shi)意(yi)圖(tu)(tu)及(ji)圖(tu)(tu)形符號。斷(duan)路(lu)器開關是(shi)(shi)靠操作(zuo)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)手動或電動合(he)閘的,觸頭閉合(he)后(hou),自由脫扣(kou)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)將(jiang)觸頭鎖(suo)在(zai)合(he)閘位置上(shang)。當(dang)電路(lu)發生上(shang)述故障時,通(tong)過各自的脫扣(kou)器使自由脫扣(kou)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)動作(zuo),自動跳閘以實現保護(hu)作(zuo)用。分勵脫扣(kou)器則作(zuo)為遠(yuan)距離控制分斷(duan)電路(lu)之(zhi)用。
過(guo)電(dian)流(liu)脫(tuo)扣器(qi)用(yong)于(yu)線(xian)路(lu)的(de)短路(lu)和過(guo)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護,當(dang)線(xian)路(lu)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)大于(yu)整定的(de)電(dian)流(liu)值時,過(guo)電(dian)流(liu)脫(tuo)扣器(qi)所產生的(de)電(dian)磁(ci)力(li)使(shi)掛(gua)鉤脫(tuo)扣,動(dong)觸(chu)點在(zai)彈簧的(de)拉力(li)下迅速斷開(kai),實(shi)現短路(lu)器(qi)的(de)跳(tiao)閘功(gong)能。
圖1-8 斷路(lu)器工作原理(li)示意(yi)圖及圖形符號
熱脫扣器用(yong)于線路的過負荷保(bao)護(hu),工(gong)作原理和熱繼電器相同。
失壓(ya)(ya)(欠電壓(ya)(ya))脫(tuo)扣(kou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)用于失壓(ya)(ya)保護(hu),如圖1-8所(suo)示,失壓(ya)(ya)脫(tuo)扣(kou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的線圈直接(jie)接(jie)在(zai)電源上(shang),處于吸(xi)合狀態(tai),斷(duan)路器(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)以正常合閘;當停電或電壓(ya)(ya)很低時,失壓(ya)(ya)脫(tuo)扣(kou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的吸(xi)力小于彈簧的反力,彈簧使(shi)動(dong)鐵心向上(shang)使(shi)掛(gua)鉤脫(tuo)扣(kou),實現短(duan)路器(qi)(qi)(qi)的跳閘功能(neng)。
分(fen)勵脫(tuo)扣(kou)器用(yong)于遠方跳閘,當在遠方按下按鈕時,分(fen)勵脫(tuo)扣(kou)器得電產生電磁(ci)力(li),使其脫(tuo)扣(kou)跳閘。
不(bu)同斷路器的保(bao)(bao)護是不(bu)同的,使(shi)用(yong)時應根(gen)據需要(yao)選用(yong)。在圖形符(fu)號中也可(ke)以標注(zhu)其保(bao)(bao)護方式,如(ru)圖1-8所(suo)示,斷路器圖形符(fu)號中標注(zhu)了失壓(ya)、過負(fu)荷、過電(dian)流3種保(bao)(bao)護方式。
>>>>
低壓斷路器選擇原理
低壓斷路(lu)器的選擇應(ying)從以下幾方面(mian)考慮:
(1)斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)類型的(de)選(xuan)擇:應(ying)根據使用(yong)場合和(he)保護要求來選(xuan)擇。如一般選(xuan)用(yong)塑殼式;短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)流很大(da)時(shi)選(xuan)用(yong)限流型;額定電(dian)流比較大(da)或有選(xuan)擇性(xing)保護要求時(shi)選(xuan)用(yong)框架式;控制(zhi)和(he)保護含有半導(dao)體(ti)器(qi)件的(de)直(zhi)流電(dian)路(lu)時(shi)應(ying)選(xuan)用(yong)直(zhi)流快(kuai)速斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)等。
(2)斷路器額(e)定電(dian)壓、額(e)定電(dian)流應大(da)于(yu)或等于(yu)線路、設備的正常工作電(dian)壓、工作電(dian)流。
(3)斷路(lu)器極限(xian)通斷能力大于或(huo)等于電路(lu)最(zui)大短路(lu)電流(liu)。
(4)欠(qian)電壓(ya)脫扣器(qi)額定(ding)(ding)電壓(ya)等于線路額定(ding)(ding)電壓(ya)。
(5)過電(dian)流脫扣器的額定電(dian)流大于(yu)或等(deng)于(yu)線路的最(zui)大負載電(dian)流。
二、控制器
控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)是一種(zhong)手動操作(zuo),直接控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)電(dian)路大電(dian)流(10A~600A)的(de)開(kai)關電(dian)器(qi)。常用(yong)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)有KT型(xing)凸輪(lun)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)、KG型(xing)鼓(gu)型(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)和KP型(xing)平面控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi),各(ge)種(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)和工(gong)作(zuo)原理基本(ben)類似,下面以常用(yong)的(de)凸輪(lun)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)為例進行(xing)說明。
凸輪控(kong)制器是一種大型(xing)(xing)的手動控(kong)制器,主要(yao)用于起(qi)重設備中直接控(kong)制中小型(xing)(xing)繞(rao)線(xian)式異步(bu)電動機的起(qi)動、停止、調速(su)、換(huan)向(xiang)和(he)制動,也(ye)適(shi)用于有相同(tong)要(yao)求的其他電力拖動場合。
凸(tu)(tu)(tu)輪(lun)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)由(you)觸(chu)頭(tou)、轉(zhuan)軸、凸(tu)(tu)(tu)輪(lun)、杠桿、手(shou)柄、滅弧罩及定位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)構(gou)等組(zu)成。圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)1-9為(wei)凸(tu)(tu)(tu)輪(lun)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)原理(li)示(shi)(shi)(shi)意(yi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)及圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)形(xing)符號(hao)。凸(tu)(tu)(tu)輪(lun)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)多組(zu)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian),并由(you)多個(ge)凸(tu)(tu)(tu)輪(lun)分(fen)別(bie)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),以實現對一個(ge)較復雜(za)電路(lu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多個(ge)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)進行同(tong)時控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。由(you)于凸(tu)(tu)(tu)輪(lun)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)多,每個(ge)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)在每個(ge)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)通(tong)情(qing)況(kuang)各不相同(tong),所(suo)(suo)(suo)以不能用(yong)普通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)常開常閉觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)來表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)。圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)1-9(a)所(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)1極(ji)12位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)凸(tu)(tu)(tu)輪(lun)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)示(shi)(shi)(shi)意(yi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)1-9(b)所(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)形(xing)符號(hao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)一個(ge)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)12個(ge)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小黑(hei)點(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)該位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)接(jie)通(tong)。由(you)示(shi)(shi)(shi)意(yi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)可(ke)見,當(dang)手(shou)柄轉(zhuan)到(dao)2、3、4和(he)10號(hao)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)時,由(you)凸(tu)(tu)(tu)輪(lun)將觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)接(jie)通(tong)。圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)1-9(c)所(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)5極(ji)12位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)凸(tu)(tu)(tu)輪(lun)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi),它是(shi)由(you)5個(ge)1極(ji)12位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)凸(tu)(tu)(tu)輪(lun)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)合而成。圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)1-9(d)所(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)4極(ji)5位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)凸(tu)(tu)(tu)輪(lun)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)形(xing)符號(hao),表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)4個(ge)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian),每個(ge)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)5個(ge)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小黑(hei)點(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)在該位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)接(jie)通(tong)。例(li)如,當(dang)手(shou)柄打到(dao)右側1號(hao)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)時,2、4觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)接(jie)通(tong)。
由于凸輪(lun)(lun)(lun)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器可直接控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電動機工作,所以其(qi)觸頭容量大并(bing)有滅(mie)弧裝置。凸輪(lun)(lun)(lun)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器的優點為控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線路簡(jian)單(dan)、開關元件少、維修(xiu)方(fang)便等(deng),缺(que)點為體積(ji)較大、操作笨(ben)重、不能(neng)實現遠距離控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。目前使(shi)用的凸輪(lun)(lun)(lun)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器有KT10、KTJl4、KTJl5及KTJl6等(deng)系列。
圖(tu)1-9 凸輪控制器的結構(gou)原理示意圖(tu)及(ji)圖(tu)形符號
三、接觸器
接觸(chu)器主(zhu)要用(yong)于控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機、電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)設(she)備(bei)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)機、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器組等(deng),能頻繁地接通或斷開交直流主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu),實現(xian)遠距(ju)離自(zi)動控制。它具(ju)有低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓釋放保護功能,在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)拖動自(zi)動控制線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)被廣泛應用(yong)。
接(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)有交(jiao)流接(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)和直流接(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)兩大類型(xing)。下面介紹交(jiao)流接(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)。
圖1-10所示(shi)為(wei)交流(liu)接觸器的結構示(shi)意圖及圖形符號。
圖(tu)1-10 交(jiao)流接觸器的結構(gou)示意圖(tu)及圖(tu)形符號
>>>>
交流接(jie)觸器的組成(cheng)部分(fen)
(1)電磁機(ji)(ji)構:電磁機(ji)(ji)構由線圈、動鐵(tie)心(銜鐵(tie))和靜鐵(tie)心組成。
(2)觸(chu)(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)系統:交(jiao)流接觸(chu)(chu)器的觸(chu)(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)系統包括主觸(chu)(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)和輔(fu)助(zhu)觸(chu)(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。主觸(chu)(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)用(yong)于通斷(duan)主電(dian)路,有(you)3對(dui)或4對(dui)常(chang)開(kai)觸(chu)(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou);輔(fu)助(zhu)觸(chu)(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)用(yong)于控制電(dian)路,起電(dian)氣聯(lian)鎖(suo)或控制作用(yong),通常(chang)有(you)兩對(dui)常(chang)開(kai)兩對(dui)常(chang)閉(bi)觸(chu)(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。
(3)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)弧(hu)裝(zhuang)置:容量在(zai)10A以上的(de)(de)接觸(chu)器都有(you)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)弧(hu)裝(zhuang)置。對(dui)于小容量的(de)(de)接觸(chu)器,常采用(yong)雙(shuang)斷口橋(qiao)形觸(chu)頭以利于滅(mie)(mie)(mie)弧(hu);對(dui)于大容量的(de)(de)接觸(chu)器,常采用(yong)縱縫(feng)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)弧(hu)罩及柵片滅(mie)(mie)(mie)弧(hu)結構。
(4)其他(ta)部件(jian):包(bao)括反作(zuo)用(yong)彈簧、緩沖彈簧、觸頭(tou)壓力彈簧、傳動機構及外殼(ke)等(deng)。
接觸(chu)器上標(biao)有(you)端子(zi)標(biao)號,線(xian)圈為(wei)A1、A2,主觸(chu)頭(tou)1、3、5接電源側,2、4、6接負荷側。輔助(zhu)觸(chu)頭(tou)用(yong)兩位數表示(shi)(shi),前一位為(wei)輔助(zhu)觸(chu)頭(tou)順序號,后一位的3、4表示(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)開觸(chu)頭(tou),1、2表示(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)閉觸(chu)頭(tou)。
接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)器的(de)控制(zhi)原理(li)很(hen)簡單,當線圈(quan)接(jie)通額(e)定電(dian)壓時(shi),產生電(dian)磁力(li)(li)(li),克服彈(dan)簧反(fan)力(li)(li)(li),吸引動(dong)鐵心向(xiang)下運動(dong),動(dong)鐵心帶動(dong)絕緣連(lian)桿和動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)向(xiang)下運動(dong)使常開觸(chu)(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)閉(bi)合,常閉(bi)觸(chu)(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)斷開。當線圈(quan)失電(dian)或電(dian)壓低于釋放(fang)電(dian)壓時(shi),電(dian)磁力(li)(li)(li)小于彈(dan)簧反(fan)力(li)(li)(li),常開觸(chu)(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)斷開,常閉(bi)觸(chu)(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)閉(bi)合。
>>>>
接觸器的主要(yao)技術參(can)數和類型(xing)
(1)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓:接觸器的(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是指主觸頭的(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。交流有220V、380V和660V,在特殊場合(he)應用的(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高達(da)1140V,直(zhi)流主要有110V、220V和440V。
(2)額定(ding)電流:接觸器的額定(ding)電流是(shi)指主觸頭的額定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)電流。它是(shi)在一定(ding)的條件(jian)(額定(ding)電壓、使用(yong)類(lei)別(bie)和操作(zuo)頻率等(deng))下規定(ding)的,目前(qian)常(chang)用(yong)的電流等(deng)級為10A~800A。
(3)吸(xi)引(yin)線(xian)圈的(de)額定電壓:交流(liu)有36V、127V、220V和380V,直流(liu)有24V、48V、220V和440V。
(4)機械(xie)壽(shou)命(ming)和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)壽(shou)命(ming):接觸器是頻(pin)繁(fan)操作電(dian)(dian)器,應(ying)有較高的機械(xie)和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)壽(shou)命(ming),該指標是產品質量(liang)的重(zhong)要指標之(zhi)一。
(5)額定(ding)操作(zuo)頻率:接觸器的額定(ding)操作(zuo)頻率是(shi)指(zhi)每小(xiao)時允許的操作(zuo)次數,一(yi)般為(wei)300次/h、600次/h和1200次/h。
(6)動作(zuo)值:動作(zuo)值是指接(jie)觸器的吸合(he)電壓(ya)和釋放(fang)電壓(ya)。規定接(jie)觸器的吸合(he)電壓(ya)大于線(xian)圈額定電壓(ya)的85%時應可靠吸合(he),釋放(fang)電壓(ya)不高于線(xian)圈額定電壓(ya)的70%。
常用的交流接(jie)觸器有CJl0、CJl2、CJ10X、CJ20、CJXl、CJX2、3TB和3TD等系列。
>>>>
接觸器的選擇
(1)根據負載性質選擇(ze)接觸(chu)器的類型。
(2)額定(ding)電壓應大于(yu)或等于(yu)主電路工作電壓。
(3)額定(ding)電流(liu)應大于(yu)或等于(yu)被控電路(lu)的(de)額定(ding)電流(liu)。對(dui)于(yu)電動機(ji)負載(zai),還(huan)應根據(ju)其運(yun)行(xing)方式適當增大或減小。
(4)吸引線圈(quan)的(de)額(e)定(ding)電壓(ya)與頻率要與所在控制(zhi)電路的(de)選用電壓(ya)和(he)頻率相一致(zhi)。
四、起動器
起動(dong)器用于三相異步(bu)電動(dong)機的(de)起動(dong)和(he)停止控制(zhi),它是一種成套的(de)低壓控制(zhi)裝(zhuang)置。
常用(yong)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)動器(qi)有QC型(xing)(xing)電(dian)磁起(qi)(qi)(qi)動器(qi),用(yong)于遠距離直(zhi)接控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)三相(xiang)籠(long)型(xing)(xing)異步電(dian)動機的起(qi)(qi)(qi)動、停(ting)止及(ji)正(zheng)反轉控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),主要由(you)接觸器(qi)和熱繼電(dian)器(qi)組成(cheng);QJ型(xing)(xing)減壓(ya)(ya)(ya)起(qi)(qi)(qi)動器(qi)采用(yong)自耦變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya),用(yong)于控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)三相(xiang)籠(long)型(xing)(xing)異步電(dian)動機的不頻繁減壓(ya)(ya)(ya)起(qi)(qi)(qi)動控(kong)(kong)制(zhi);QX型(xing)(xing)起(qi)(qi)(qi)動器(qi)為星形-三角形降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)起(qi)(qi)(qi)動器(qi)。各種起(qi)(qi)(qi)動器(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)路根據型(xing)(xing)號和電(dian)動機的容量大小(xiao)而不同,其控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)原理在第2章中講解。
五、 主令電器
主(zhu)令(ling)電器(qi)用于在(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)電路(lu)中以開(kai)(kai)關接(jie)點的(de)通斷形式來發布控(kong)制(zhi)命(ming)令(ling),使(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)電路(lu)執行(xing)(xing)對(dui)應(ying)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)任務。主(zhu)令(ling)電器(qi)應(ying)用廣泛,種類繁多(duo),常見的(de)有按鈕、行(xing)(xing)程開(kai)(kai)關、接(jie)近開(kai)(kai)關、萬能(neng)轉換開(kai)(kai)關、主(zhu)令(ling)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)、選擇開(kai)(kai)關、足踏開(kai)(kai)關等(deng)。
>>>>
按鈕
按鈕是一種最常用的(de)的(de)主(zhu)令電(dian)器,其結(jie)構簡單,控(kong)制方便。
1.按鈕的結構、種類(lei)及常用型號
按鈕由(you)按鈕帽、復(fu)位彈簧(huang)、橋(qiao)式觸(chu)點(dian)和外殼等組成,其結(jie)構示意圖及(ji)圖形(xing)符號如圖1-20所示。觸(chu)點(dian)采用橋(qiao)式觸(chu)點(dian),額定電流在(zai)5A以下。觸(chu)點(dian)又分常(chang)開觸(chu)點(dian)(動斷觸(chu)點(dian))和常(chang)閉觸(chu)點(dian)(動合(he)觸(chu)點(dian))兩種(zhong)。
按(an)鈕(niu)從外(wai)形(xing)和操作方式上可以(yi)分為平鈕(niu)和急停按(an)鈕(niu),急停按(an)鈕(niu)也叫蘑菇頭按(an)鈕(niu),如圖1-20(c)所示,除此之外(wai)還有鑰匙鈕(niu)、旋鈕(niu)、拉(la)式鈕(niu)、萬(wan)向(xiang)操縱桿式、帶燈式等(deng)多種類型(xing)。
圖(tu)1-20 按鈕結構示(shi)意(yi)圖(tu)及圖(tu)形符號
從按鈕(niu)的(de)(de)觸點(dian)(dian)動作(zuo)方式(shi)可以分為直動式(shi)和微(wei)動式(shi)兩種,圖1-20中所(suo)(suo)示(shi)的(de)(de)按鈕(niu)均為直動式(shi),其觸點(dian)(dian)動作(zuo)速(su)度和手(shou)按下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)速(su)度有關(guan)。而微(wei)動式(shi)按鈕(niu)的(de)(de)觸點(dian)(dian)動作(zuo)變(bian)換速(su)度快,和手(shou)按下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)速(su)度無關(guan),其動作(zuo)原理(li)如圖1-21所(suo)(suo)示(shi)。動觸點(dian)(dian)由變(bian)形簧片(pian)(pian)組成(cheng),當彎(wan)形簧片(pian)(pian)受壓向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)運動低于平(ping)形簧片(pian)(pian)時,彎(wan)形簧片(pian)(pian)迅速(su)變(bian)形,將平(ping)形簧片(pian)(pian)觸點(dian)(dian)彈向(xiang)上(shang)方,實現觸點(dian)(dian)瞬(shun)間動作(zuo)。
小型微動式按(an)鈕也叫微動開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan),微動開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)還可以用于各種繼(ji)電器和(he)限位(wei)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)中(zhong),如時(shi)間(jian)繼(ji)電器、壓(ya)力(li)繼(ji)電器和(he)限位(wei)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)等。
圖1-21 微動(dong)式按鈕動(dong)作原理(li)圖
按鈕(niu)(niu)一般為復(fu)位式(shi),也有自(zi)鎖式(shi)按鈕(niu)(niu),最常用(yong)的按鈕(niu)(niu)為復(fu)位式(shi)平按鈕(niu)(niu),如圖(tu)1-20(a)所示,其(qi)按鈕(niu)(niu)與外殼平齊,可防止異物誤碰(peng)。
2.按鈕的顏色
紅色按鈕(niu)用于“停止”、“斷電”或“事故”。
綠色按(an)鈕優先用(yong)于“起動(dong)”或“通(tong)電”,但(dan)也允許選用(yong)黑、白或灰色按(an)鈕。
一鈕(niu)雙用(yong)(yong)的“起動(dong)”與(yu)“停(ting)止(zhi)”或(huo)“通(tong)電(dian)”與(yu)“斷電(dian)”,即交替按壓后改變功能的,不能用(yong)(yong)紅色(se)(se)按鈕(niu),也不能用(yong)(yong)綠色(se)(se)按鈕(niu),而應用(yong)(yong)黑(hei)、白或(huo)灰色(se)(se)按鈕(niu)。
按(an)壓(ya)時運動,抬起時停止運動(如(ru)點(dian)動、微(wei)動),應用黑、白、灰或綠色按(an)鈕(niu),最(zui)好是黑色按(an)鈕(niu),而不能用紅(hong)色按(an)鈕(niu)。
用于單一復位功能(neng)的,用藍(lan)、黑(hei)、白(bai)或灰(hui)色按鈕。
同(tong)時有“復位”、“停(ting)止”與(yu)“斷電(dian)”功能的用(yong)紅色按(an)(an)鈕(niu)。燈光按(an)(an)鈕(niu)不得用(yong)作“事(shi)故”按(an)(an)鈕(niu)。
3.按鈕的選擇原則
(1)根據使用場合,選擇(ze)控制按鈕的(de)種類,如開啟式、防水式、防腐式等。
(2)根(gen)據(ju)用途,選(xuan)用合(he)適的型式(shi),如鑰匙(chi)式(shi)、緊急式(shi)、帶(dai)燈式(shi)等(deng)。
(3)按(an)控制回(hui)路(lu)的需要,確定不同的按(an)鈕數(shu),如單鈕、雙鈕、三鈕、多鈕等。
(4)按工作(zuo)狀態指示和工作(zuo)情(qing)況的(de)要求,選擇按鈕及指示燈的(de)顏色。
其中(zhong)表1-1給出了按鈕顏色(se)的含義。
表(biao)1-1按鈕顏色的含義(yi)
>>>>
行程開關
行(xing)程開(kai)(kai)關又叫限位開(kai)(kai)關,它的種類很多,按運動(dong)(dong)形(xing)式(shi)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)直動(dong)(dong)式(shi)、微(wei)動(dong)(dong)式(shi)、轉動(dong)(dong)式(shi)等;按觸(chu)點的性質分(fen)(fen)可(ke)為(wei)有觸(chu)點式(shi)和無(wu)觸(chu)點式(shi)。
1.有觸點行程開關
有觸點行(xing)程(cheng)開關簡稱行(xing)程(cheng)開關,行(xing)程(cheng)開關的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理(li)和(he)按鈕(niu)相同(tong),區別(bie)在于它(ta)不是靠手的(de)(de)(de)按壓(ya),而是利用(yong)生產機械運動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)部件(jian)碰壓(ya)而使觸點動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)來發(fa)出控(kong)制指令的(de)(de)(de)主令電器。它(ta)用(yong)于控(kong)制生產機械的(de)(de)(de)運動(dong)(dong)方(fang)向、速度、行(xing)程(cheng)大小或位置(zhi)等,其結(jie)構形式(shi)多種多樣(yang)。
圖1-22所示為幾(ji)種操作(zuo)類型的行程(cheng)開關動作(zuo)原理示意圖及圖形(xing)符號。
行程(cheng)開關的(de)主要(yao)參數有(you)型式、動(dong)作行程(cheng)、工(gong)作電壓及觸(chu)頭的(de)電流(liu)容量。目前國(guo)內生產(chan)的(de)行程(cheng)開關有(you)LXK3、3SE3、LXl9、LXW和(he)LX等系(xi)列(lie)。
常(chang)用的行程開關有(you)LX19、LXW5、LXK3、LX32和LX33等(deng)系列。
2.無觸點行程開關
無(wu)觸(chu)點行(xing)程(cheng)開(kai)關又稱接近開(kai)關,它可以(yi)(yi)代替有觸(chu)頭行(xing)程(cheng)開(kai)關來完成行(xing)程(cheng)控(kong)制和限位保(bao)護,還可用于高頻計數、測(ce)速、液(ye)位控(kong)制、零件尺寸(cun)檢測(ce)、加工(gong)程(cheng)序的自(zi)動(dong)(dong)銜接等的非(fei)接觸(chu)式(shi)開(kai)關。由于它具(ju)有非(fei)接觸(chu)式(shi)觸(chu)發(fa)、動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)速度快、可在不同的檢測(ce)距離(li)內動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)、發(fa)出(chu)的信號穩定無(wu)脈(mo)動(dong)(dong)、工(gong)作(zuo)穩定可靠、壽命長、重復(fu)定位精度高以(yi)(yi)及能適(shi)應(ying)(ying)惡劣(lie)的工(gong)作(zuo)環境等特(te)點,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)在機床、紡織、印刷、塑料(liao)等工(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)產中應(ying)(ying)用廣泛(fan)。
無(wu)(wu)觸(chu)點行程(cheng)開(kai)關分為(wei)有(you)源型和無(wu)(wu)源型兩(liang)種,多數無(wu)(wu)觸(chu)點行程(cheng)開(kai)關為(wei)有(you)源型,主要包括(kuo)檢(jian)測(ce)元件、放大電(dian)(dian)路、輸出驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)路3部分,一般采(cai)用(yong)5V~24V的(de)直流電(dian)(dian)流,或220V交流電(dian)(dian)源等。如圖1-23所示為(wei)三線式(shi)有(you)源型接(jie)近開(kai)關結構框圖。
接近(jin)開關按(an)檢(jian)測(ce)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)工作原理(li)可分為高頻振蕩(dang)型(xing)(xing)、超(chao)聲波(bo)型(xing)(xing)、電容型(xing)(xing)、電磁(ci)感應型(xing)(xing)、永磁(ci)型(xing)(xing)、霍爾元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)型(xing)(xing)與磁(ci)敏元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)型(xing)(xing)等。不(bu)同(tong)(tong)型(xing)(xing)式的接近(jin)開關所檢(jian)測(ce)的被檢(jian)測(ce)體不(bu)同(tong)(tong)。
電(dian)容(rong)式(shi)接(jie)近(jin)開關可以(yi)檢(jian)測各(ge)種(zhong)固體(ti)(ti)、液體(ti)(ti)或粉狀(zhuang)物體(ti)(ti),其(qi)主(zhu)要由(you)電(dian)容(rong)式(shi)振蕩器及電(dian)子電(dian)路組成(cheng),它的電(dian)容(rong)位于傳(chuan)感界(jie)面,當(dang)物體(ti)(ti)接(jie)近(jin)時,將(jiang)因改變了(le)電(dian)容(rong)值而振蕩,從(cong)而產生輸出信號(hao)。
霍爾接(jie)近(jin)(jin)(jin)開關(guan)用于檢測(ce)磁(ci)場,一般用磁(ci)鋼作為被(bei)檢測(ce)體。其內(nei)部的(de)磁(ci)敏感(gan)器(qi)件僅對垂直于傳感(gan)器(qi)端面(mian)的(de)磁(ci)場敏感(gan),當(dang)磁(ci)極S極正(zheng)對接(jie)近(jin)(jin)(jin)開關(guan)時,接(jie)近(jin)(jin)(jin)開關(guan)的(de)輸出(chu)產生正(zheng)跳變(bian),輸出(chu)為高電平,若磁(ci)極N極正(zheng)對接(jie)近(jin)(jin)(jin)開關(guan)時,輸出(chu)為低電平。
超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)波接近開(kai)關(guan)(guan)適于檢(jian)測不能(neng)或(huo)不可觸及的目(mu)標(biao),其(qi)控制功能(neng)不受聲(sheng)、電、光(guang)等(deng)因(yin)素(su)干擾,檢(jian)測物(wu)體可以是(shi)固體、液體或(huo)粉末(mo)狀態的物(wu)體,只要能(neng)反(fan)射超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)波即可。其(qi)主要由壓電陶瓷傳(chuan)感器、發(fa)射超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)波和接收反(fan)射波用的電子裝置(zhi)及調節檢(jian)測范(fan)圍用的程控橋式開(kai)關(guan)(guan)等(deng)幾個部(bu)分(fen)組成(cheng)。
高頻振(zhen)蕩(dang)式(shi)接近(jin)開關(guan)用(yong)于檢測各種金(jin)(jin)屬,主要由高頻振(zhen)蕩(dang)器、集(ji)成電路或(huo)晶體管放(fang)大器和輸出(chu)器3部分組成,其(qi)基本工作原理是當有金(jin)(jin)屬物(wu)體接近(jin)振(zhen)蕩(dang)器的(de)線圈時,該金(jin)(jin)屬物(wu)體內部產生的(de)渦流將吸取(qu)振(zhen)蕩(dang)器的(de)能量,致(zhi)使振(zhen)蕩(dang)器停振(zhen)。振(zhen)蕩(dang)器的(de)振(zhen)蕩(dang)和停振(zhen)這兩個信(xin)號(hao),經整形放(fang)大后轉換(huan)成開關(guan)信(xin)號(hao)輸出(chu)。
接近開關輸(shu)出形式(shi)有兩線(xian)(xian)、三線(xian)(xian)和四(si)線(xian)(xian)式(shi)幾種,晶體(ti)管輸(shu)出類型(xing)(xing)有NPN和PNP兩種,外形有方型(xing)(xing)、圓型(xing)(xing)、槽(cao)型(xing)(xing)和分離(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)等多種,圖(tu)1-24為槽(cao)型(xing)(xing)三線(xian)(xian)式(shi)NPN型(xing)(xing)光電(dian)式(shi)接近開關的(de)工(gong)作原(yuan)理圖(tu)和遠(yuan)距(ju)分離(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)光電(dian)開關工(gong)作示意圖(tu)。
接(jie)(jie)近(jin)開關的主要參數有型(xing)式(shi)、動(dong)作(zuo)距離(li)范圍、動(dong)作(zuo)頻率(lv)、響應時間(jian)、重復(fu)精度、輸出型(xing)式(shi)、工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)壓及輸出觸點的容(rong)量等。接(jie)(jie)近(jin)開關的圖形(xing)符號可用(yong)圖1-25表示。
接近開(kai)關的產(chan)品種(zhong)類十(shi)分豐富,常用(yong)的國(guo)產(chan)接近開(kai)關有(you)LJ、3SG和(he)LXJ18等多種(zhong)系列(lie),國(guo)外進(jin)口及(ji)引進(jin)產(chan)品亦在國(guo)內(nei)有(you)大量(liang)的應(ying)用(yong)。
3.有觸(chu)點行程開關的選擇
有觸點行程開關(guan)的選擇應注意以下幾(ji)點:
(1)應用(yong)場合及控制對象(xiang)選擇。
(2)安裝(zhuang)環(huan)境(jing)選擇防護形(xing)式,如(ru)開啟(qi)式或保護式。
(3)控制回路的(de)電(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)流。
(4)機械(xie)與(yu)行程開關(guan)的(de)傳力與(yu)位移關(guan)系選(xuan)擇(ze)合適(shi)的(de)頭(tou)部形式(shi)。
4.接近開關的選擇
(1)工作頻率、可(ke)靠性及精度。
(2)檢(jian)測(ce)距離、安(an)裝尺寸。
(3)觸(chu)點(dian)形式(有(you)觸(chu)點(dian)、無觸(chu)點(dian))、觸(chu)點(dian)數量及輸出形式(NPN型(xing)、PNP型(xing))。
(4)電(dian)源類型(xing)(直流、交流)、電(dian)壓(ya)等級。
>>>>
轉換開關
轉換開關是一種多(duo)檔(dang)位、多(duo)觸點、能(neng)夠(gou)控制多(duo)回路(lu)的主令電(dian)器,主要用于(yu)(yu)各(ge)種控制設(she)備(bei)中線路(lu)的換接(jie)、遙(yao)控和電(dian)流表(biao)、電(dian)壓表(biao)的換相測量(liang)等(deng),也(ye)可(ke)用于(yu)(yu)控制小容(rong)量(liang)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機的起(qi)動(dong)(dong)、換向(xiang)、調速。
轉換開(kai)(kai)關(guan)的工作(zuo)原理(li)(li)和凸(tu)(tu)輪控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)樣,只是使用地點不同,凸(tu)(tu)輪控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)用于主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)路,直接(jie)對電(dian)(dian)動機等電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)進行(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)轉換開(kai)(kai)關(guan)主(zhu)要(yao)用于控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路,通過繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)和接(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)間接(jie)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)動機。常用的轉換開(kai)(kai)關(guan)類型(xing)主(zhu)要(yao)有兩大(da)類,即萬能轉換開(kai)(kai)關(guan)和組合開(kai)(kai)關(guan)。二(er)者(zhe)的結構和工作(zuo)原理(li)(li)基本相似,在某些應用場合下二(er)者(zhe)可相互替代。轉換開(kai)(kai)關(guan)按結構類型(xing)分為(wei)普通型(xing)、開(kai)(kai)啟組合型(xing)和防(fang)護組合型(xing)等;按用途又分為(wei)主(zhu)令控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用和控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)動機用兩種。轉換開(kai)(kai)關(guan)的圖(tu)形符號和凸(tu)(tu)輪控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)樣,如圖(tu)1-26所示。
轉(zhuan)換開(kai)關(guan)的觸點通斷狀態也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)用圖表(biao)來表(biao)示,如圖1-26中(zhong)的4極(ji)5位轉(zhuan)換開(kai)關(guan)如 表(biao)1-2所示。
轉換開關(guan)的(de)主要參(can)數有(you)型式、手柄(bing)類型、觸點(dian)通斷狀態表、工(gong)作(zuo)電壓(ya)、觸頭(tou)數量及其電流容量,在產品說明書(shu)中(zhong)都有(you)詳細說明。
常(chang)用(yong)的轉換開(kai)關有LW2、LW5、LW6、LW8、LW9、LWl2、LWl6、VK、3LB和HZ等(deng)系(xi)列(lie),其(qi)中LW2系(xi)列(lie)用(yong)于高(gao)壓斷(duan)路器操作回路的控(kong)制,LW5、LW6系(xi)列(lie)多用(yong)于電(dian)力拖動系(xi)統中對線路或電(dian)動機實行(xing)控(kong)制,LW6系(xi)列(lie)還可(ke)裝(zhuang)成(cheng)雙(shuang)列(lie)型(xing)式,列(lie)與(yu)列(lie)之間用(yong)齒(chi)輪嚙合,并由同一(yi)手柄操作,此種開(kai)關最多可(ke)裝(zhuang)60對觸點。
轉換開(kai)關的(de)選擇可以根據以下幾個方面進行:
(1)額定電壓和工(gong)作電流(liu)。
(2)手柄(bing)型式和定位特(te)征。
(3)觸點數量(liang)和接線圖(tu)編號。
(4)面板型式及標志。
六、電阻器
電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣產品中(zhong)不可缺少的電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣元件(jian),可分(fen)為(wei)兩大類,一類為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)元件(jian),用(yong)于(yu)弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品,一類為(wei)工業用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器件(jian)(簡稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器),用(yong)于(yu)低壓強電(dian)(dian)(dian)交直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣線(xian)路的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)調節以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的起動(dong)、制動(dong)和調速等。
常用(yong)的電(dian)阻器(qi)有(you)ZB型(xing)板形(xing)和ZG型(xing)管形(xing)電(dian)阻器(qi),用(yong)于低壓電(dian)路中的電(dian)流調節。ZX型(xing)電(dian)阻器(qi)主要用(yong)于交直流電(dian)動機的起動、制動和調速等(deng)。
電(dian)(dian)阻器的(de)主要技(ji)術參數有(you)額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、發熱功(gong)率、電(dian)(dian)阻值、允(yun)許電(dian)(dian)流、發熱時間常數、電(dian)(dian)阻誤差及(ji)外形尺(chi)寸等。電(dian)(dian)阻器的(de)圖(tu)形符號如(ru)圖(tu)1-27所示。
圖1-27 電阻器和(he)變阻器圖形符號
七、變阻器
變阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)的(de)作(zuo)用和電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)的(de)作(zuo)用類(lei)似,不(bu)同點在(zai)于變阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)是連續可調(diao)的(de),而電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)的(de)每段電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)固定,在(zai)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)可采用串并(bing)聯或(huo)選擇不(bu)同段電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)方法來(lai)調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值,電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值是斷續可調(diao)的(de)。
常用的(de)變(bian)(bian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)有BC型(xing)滑線(xian)變(bian)(bian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi),用于(yu)電路(lu)的(de)電流(liu)和(he)電壓調(diao)節、電子(zi)設備及儀表等電路(lu)的(de)控制(zhi)或(huo)調(diao)節等。BL型(xing)勵(li)(li)磁變(bian)(bian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)用于(yu)直流(liu)電機的(de)勵(li)(li)磁或(huo)調(diao)速;BQ型(xing)起(qi)動(dong)變(bian)(bian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)用于(yu)直流(liu)電動(dong)機的(de)起(qi)動(dong);BT型(xing)變(bian)(bian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)用于(yu)直流(liu)電動(dong)機的(de)勵(li)(li)磁或(huo)調(diao)速;BP型(xing)頻敏(min)變(bian)(bian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)用于(yu)三(san)相交(jiao)流(liu)繞線(xian)式(shi)異(yi)步(bu)電動(dong)機的(de)起(qi)動(dong)控制(zhi)。變(bian)(bian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)主要技術(shu)參數和(he)電阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)類似。變(bian)(bian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)圖(tu)形(xing)符號如圖(tu)1-27所示(shi)。
八、電壓調整器
電(dian)壓(ya)調整器(qi)的種類較少,TD4型炭(tan)阻式電(dian)壓(ya)調整器(qi)用于在中小容量的交流(liu)(liu)或直流(liu)(liu)發電(dian)機中自動調節(jie)電(dian)壓(ya)。
九、電磁鐵
常(chang)用的電(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)有(you)MQ型牽引電(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)、MW型起重電(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)、MZ型制動電(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)等。
MQ型(xing)牽引電(dian)磁(ci)鐵用于在低壓(ya)交流電(dian)路中作為機(ji)械設備及各種自動(dong)化系統操作機(ji)構的(de)遠距離控制(zhi)。
MW型起重電磁鐵用于安裝在起重機械上吸引鋼鐵等磁性物質。
MZD型(xing)(xing)(xing)單相制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁鐵和(he)(he)MZS型(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)相制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁鐵一般用于(yu)組成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi),由制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁鐵組成的TJ2型(xing)(xing)(xing)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)的示意圖如圖1-28所示,通(tong)常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機軸(zhou)安裝在一起,其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)線圈和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機線圈并(bing)聯(lian),二者同(tong)時得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)線圈先(xian)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機緊隨(sui)其后(hou)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)線圈得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)吸引銜鐵使(shi)彈(dan)簧受壓,閘瓦(wa)和(he)(he)固定在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機軸(zhou)上的閘輪松開,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機旋轉,當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)同(tong)時失(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,在壓縮彈(dan)簧的作用下閘瓦(wa)將閘輪抱緊,使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。
電(dian)磁鐵的圖形符號和電(dian)磁制動器一樣,文字符號為YA。
電(dian)磁(ci)制動器(qi)的圖(tu)形(xing)符(fu)號如圖(tu)1-28所示。
安徽得潤電氣技術有限公司在生產高低壓開關柜、無功(gong)補償的時候(hou)都會用到以上所描述的部(bu)份元器(qi)件。
掃(sao)一掃(sao)二維碼(ma)了(le)解更多詳情:
得潤電氣(qi)訂(ding)閱號
得潤電氣(qi)頭條號
更多詳情請咨詢安徽得潤電氣技術有限公司
“推薦閱讀”
- 在設計施耐德Blokset低壓柜時需要注意哪些細節?
- 從安倍遇害談開關柜配電室安全
- 2022年ABB授權柜MNS2.0低壓開關柜有哪些改變
- 收藏了!UniSafe中壓授權柜基礎知識詳解
- UniSafe中壓授權柜|助力污水處理廠建設高質量發展
- 年末將至|得潤電氣一批批開關柜發往項目現場
- 給您不一樣的ABB高壓中置式開關柜的新體驗
- 10kV開關柜KYN28A-12高壓柜的成本核算找誰
- 從35KV及以下的高低壓開關柜 授權柜 誰可以直接供貨
- Schneider低壓授權柜Blokset產品一問一答
【責任(ren)編輯】:安徽得潤電氣(qi)得潤電氣版權所有://wy438.cn轉載請注明出處