得潤電氣淺談智能電網中繼電保護技術
隨著智能電網建設的日益發展,電力系統的繼電保護越來越受到人們的關注,繼電保護在智能電網中的應用研究是非常必要的。安徽得潤電氣技術有限公司作為一家專業生產高(gao)低壓開關柜的生產廠家,繼電保護裝置是高壓開關柜中不可缺少的重要組成部份,當電力系統中的電力元件(如發電機、線路等)或電力系統本身發生了故障危及電力系統安全運行時,能夠向運行值班人員及時發出警告信號,或者直接向所控制的斷路器發出跳閘命令以終止這些事件發展的一種自動化措施和設備。實現這種自動化措施的成套設備,一般通稱為繼電保護裝置。下面得潤電氣對智(zhi)能電網中繼電保(bao)護技術(shu)做(zuo)以分析(xi)。
改革開放以(yi)來,我國(guo)經(jing)濟取得了長足(zu)進(jin)(jin)步,傳統電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)已(yi)經(jing)不能(neng)滿(man)足(zu)客戶用電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)需(xu)求。在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種背景下智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)應運(yun)而生。智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)提(ti)出(chu)的(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)略目標(biao):以(yi)特高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)為(wei)骨干網(wang)(wang)(wang)架,各級(ji)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)協(xie)調發(fa)展的(de)(de)堅強電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)為(wei)基礎,利用現代(dai)信息技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)與自動(dong)化控制(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),構建(jian)信息化、自動(dong)化、數學化、互(hu)動(dong)化為(wei)特征的(de)(de)堅強智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)。這(zhe)一戰(zhan)(zhan)略目標(biao)的(de)(de)提(ti)出(chu),意(yi)味著(zhu)今后(hou)的(de)(de)新(xin)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)必須以(yi)新(xin)的(de)(de)標(biao)準來建(jian)設,舊變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)也應當進(jin)(jin)行相應的(de)(de)改造建(jian)設,這(zhe)就(jiu)對繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護提(ti)出(chu)了更(geng)多更(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)要求。目前的(de)(de)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)雖在(zai)(zai)(zai)一段時期內適應智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)需(xu)求,但已(yi)經(jing)不是最(zui)新(xin)潮流的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),面臨的(de)(de)壓(ya)力越來越大。在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)個機遇與挑(tiao)戰(zhan)(zhan)并存的(de)(de)時代(dai),繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)著(zhu)廣闊的(de)(de)發(fa)展空(kong)間。
1我國(guo)智能電網的發(fa)展現狀
隨著智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)技(ji)術發(fa)展(zhan),智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)技(ji)術許多領域得到(dao)了廣(guang)泛應用,國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統就是(shi)其中之一。高(gao)(gao)度智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)系(xi)統帶來了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)管理和服務質的(de)(de)提升,智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)成(cheng)為未來的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)趨勢。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)應用非常(chang)廣(guang)泛,但其技(ji)術要(yao)求高(gao)(gao)、耗費巨(ju)大,也成(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企業關注(zhu)的(de)(de)重要(yao)問(wen)題之一。目前智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)前景十(shi)分樂觀,各個發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)都在想方設(she)法加快(kuai)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)市場建(jian)設(she),如美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)提出智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)推動國(guo)(guo)(guo)內經濟增長,歐盟各國(guo)(guo)(guo)制定了超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)戰(zhan)略規劃,其最終目標也是(shi)帶動整(zheng)個體系(xi)經濟的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)在我國(guo)(guo)(guo)被提出了許多年,國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)對其發(fa)展(zhan)建(jian)設(she)也是(shi)十(shi)分重視的(de)(de)。
2智能化電網(wang)繼電保護的核心技術
2.1廣域保護技術
傳統的(de)(de)繼(ji)電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)所利用(yong)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)為(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)設備(bei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)身信(xin)(xin)息(xi),其(qi)局限性很強。隨著電網運行環境的(de)(de)日益復(fu)雜,傳統繼(ji)電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)弊端越來越明顯(xian),為(wei)(wei)此搭建信(xin)(xin)息(xi)更豐(feng)富的(de)(de)繼(ji)電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)平臺顯(xian)得更加重視(shi),廣(guang)域(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)技(ji)術(shu)成為(wei)(wei)重要的(de)(de)發展(zhan)方(fang)向(xiang)。廣(guang)域(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)點多(duo)、類型(xing)全(quan),可實現(xian)制定跳(tiao)閘策略(lve)、開放/閉(bi)鎖保(bao)(bao)護(hu)等多(duo)種(zhong)功(gong)能(neng)。廣(guang)域(yu)繼(ji)電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)繼(ji)電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和安(an)全(quan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動控(kong)制兩大部(bu)分(fen)內容,通(tong)過為(wei)(wei)電網系統提供自(zi)(zi)(zi)愈解決(jue)方(fang)案和處理復(fu)雜故障(zhang)問題,進而達到提高繼(ji)電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)適(shi)應能(neng)力。
2.2保(bao)護系統重構技術(shu)
繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)重(zhong)構(gou)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)是智能(neng)化電(dian)(dian)網的(de)核心(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)之(zhi)一,通過極強的(de)自(zi)適(shi)應能(neng)力,在發(fa)(fa)現(xian)顯性(xing)和隱性(xing)故障,能(neng)夠迅速(su)進行功(gong)(gong)能(neng)重(zhong)構(gou),能(neng)夠識別已經(jing)損(sun)壞的(de)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian),并(bing)利用(yong)(yong)自(zi)適(shi)應功(gong)(gong)能(neng)找到替代(dai)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian),實現(xian)繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)的(de)恢復(fu)。智能(neng)化電(dian)(dian)網的(de)繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)系(xi)統(tong)由(you)電(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)構(gou)成,電(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)很容易發(fa)(fa)生燒毀和損(sun)壞,進而(er)影(ying)響繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)功(gong)(gong)能(neng),使電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)失去保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)作用(yong)(yong)。利用(yong)(yong)重(zhong)構(gou)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)就能(neng)順利解決(jue)這一問題,使繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)系(xi)統(tong)時刻發(fa)(fa)揮著作用(yong)(yong)。原有的(de)繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)系(xi)統(tong)已經(jing)不適(shi)應時代(dai)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)要求,因此,必(bi)須重(zhong)新構(gou)建繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)系(xi)統(tong),從而(er)最(zui)終滿足預期效果。
3新型電子傳感(gan)器的(de)應用
就像電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦的(de)CPU一(yi)樣,在智(zhi)能化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也有一(yi)個(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)設備,通過安(an)裝各個(ge)智(zhi)能設備上的(de)傳感器來獲取復雜的(de)信息數據(ju)(ju)。它的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)面十分廣,覆蓋了發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等各個(ge)環節,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子傳感器是智(zhi)能感應(ying)技(ji)術的(de)代表。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子傳感器安(an)裝在智(zhi)能設備上,實時將數據(ju)(ju)傳送(song)到(dao)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心,進而為智(zhi)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)運行狀態提(ti)供(gong)大量精確的(de)數據(ju)(ju),大大提(ti)高了繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護系(xi)統(tong)的(de)性能,這是傳統(tong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護技(ji)術無(wu)法達到(dao)的(de)。
4 智能電(dian)網對(dui)繼(ji)電(dian)保護的影(ying)響(xiang)
繼電保護是電力系統穩定安全運行的頭一關,利用了網絡信息技術、電子傳感技術、數字變電技術、廣域測量技術、自動化控制技術等多種先進的技術,其中影響出的是數字化、網絡化技術。對于繼電保護來講,要實現數字化就必須對傳統電網進行改造,運用先進的測量手段和電子信息傳輸技術。隨著智能化電網設備的不斷推廣,電子式互感器成為主流,它可以將傳感信息轉換為數字信息,通過網絡接口傳送到保護裝置和智能斷路器上,有利于后期維護,降低了維護成本。信息時代的到來使各個領域發生了深刻的變革,電力領域的變革也是顯而易見的。智能電網系統的網絡化主要體現在信息獲取和信息發送兩個方面。雖然繼電保護能(neng)(neng)夠通過自愈功能(neng)(neng)來維(wei)護,但(dan)如果將各個站點聯系(xi)起來,形(xing)成一個整體,那么就可以(yi)(yi)產生更多的信(xin)(xin)息(xi)數據,進而提(ti)高(gao)維(wei)護效率。智能(neng)(neng)電網(wang)的斷路器都帶有數字接口,所以(yi)(yi)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)傳(chuan)輸(shu)通道可改(gai)為網(wang)絡(luo)傳(chuan)送(song),這樣不僅能(neng)(neng)提(ti)高(gao)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)傳(chuan)輸(shu)的準(zhun)確性,還(huan)能(neng)(neng)極(ji)大提(ti)高(gao)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)傳(chuan)輸(shu)效率。
總(zong)之,智能化(hua)電(dian)網是電(dian)力系統未來發(fa)展的(de)必(bi)然趨勢,積極關注、研究和推廣繼電(dian)保護(hu)技術(shu),以更好地發(fa)揮“堅強智能電(dian)網”的(de)作(zuo)用。
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